Chalk−1

Math · College algebra · Worked example

Find the inverse of a linear function

Find the inverse of f(x) = 3x − 4 and check it.

y=3⁢x−4

Solve for x

Add 4 to both sides, then divide by 3.

y=3⁢x−4x=y+43

Swap the variables

The inverse takes the output back to the input, so rename: f⁻¹(x) = (x + 4)/3.

f⁡−1(x)=x+43

Check with a pair of values

f(5) = 11, and the inverse takes 11 back to 5. Writing the inverse as g in Math, both values check.

f⁡(x)=3⁢x−4g⁡(x)=x+43f⁡(5)=11g⁡(11)=5

See the reflection

The graphs of f and f⁻¹ are mirror images across the line y = x. They meet on that line, at (2, 2), where f(2) = 2.

Result

f⁻¹(x) = (x + 4)/3.

Your turn

Find the inverse of f(x) = (x − 1)/5.

Show the answer and explanation

f⁻¹(x) = 5x + 1.

Solve y = (x − 1)/5 for x: multiply by 5, then add 1, so x = 5y + 1. Swap the variables: f⁻¹(x) = 5x + 1. Check: f(11) = 2 and 5(2) + 1 = 11.

f⁡(x)=x−15g⁡(x)=5⁢x+1f⁡(11)=2g⁡(2)=11

Keep exploring

In Graph, the point (0, −4) on f and the point (−4, 0) on f⁻¹ swap coordinates, as every pair does across the line y = x.

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See f, f⁻¹ and y = x in Graph Check the values in Math Open worked example on a board Composition in Math Reference

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