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Chemistry · General chemistry II · Worked example

Convert molarity to molality with density

A 2.00 M NaCl solution has a density of 1.08 g/mL. Find its molality.

Choose an amount

Take exactly 1.000 L of solution. At 2.00 M it holds 2.00 mol of NaCl.

Mass of the solution

The density turns the volume into a mass.

1000 mL×1.08 g/mL=1.08×103 g⁡

Mass of the solute

Multiply the moles by the molar mass.

2.00 mol×58.44 g⁡1 mol=117 g⁡

Mass of the solvent

The rest of the solution is water: 963 g, or 0.963 kg.

1.08×103 g⁡−117 g⁡=963 g⁡

Molality

Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

2.00 mol0.963 kg=2.08 mol/kg

Compare the two

The molality is a little higher than the molarity because a liter of this solution holds less than a kilogram of water. In dilute water solutions the two are nearly equal.

Result

The molality is 2.08 m.

Your turn

A 1.50 M solution of ethanol, C₂H₅OH (46.07 g/mol), has a density of 0.985 g/mL. Find its molality.

Show the answer and explanation

1.64 m.

1.000 L weighs 985 g, of which 1.50 mol × 46.07 g/mol = 69.1 g is ethanol, leaving 916 g of water. 1.50 mol ÷ 0.916 kg = 1.64 m.

1.500.916=1.64

Keep exploring

Solutions & concentration finds the molality of 2.00 mol of NaCl in 963 g of water: 2.08 mol/kg.

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